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荷蘭閒置監獄成難民棲身地 | 美国头条
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荷蘭閒置監獄成難民棲身地

撰文:Melody Rowell

編譯:王年愷

荷蘭全國犯罪率不斷下降,導致監獄關門大吉,於是有政府部門動腦筋,想到用這些閒置空間收容難民。

一位來自阿富汗的19歲難民從荷蘭哈勒姆(Haarlem)的圓頂監獄(De Koepel prison;荷蘭文 Koepelgevangenis)房門中探頭出來。PHOTOGRAPH BY MUHAMMED MUHEISEN, AP

這是空間活化再利用的妙招:荷蘭一個政府部門重啟了閒置監獄的大門,用來收留申請庇護的難民。

多年以來,荷蘭的犯罪率和監獄人口不斷下降,導致數十間監獄關門。而抵達荷蘭的難民人口增加(光是去年就有超過五萬名難民進入國境),於是庇護人士收容署(Central Agency for the Reception of Asylum Seekers;荷蘭文Centraal Orgaan opvang asielzoekers)找到另類解決之道。


來自伊朗的艾珊(Reda Ehsan;25歲)躺在圓頂監獄中庭的桌上。PHOTOGRAPH BY MUHAMMED MUHEISEN, AP

 

穆赫森(Muhammed Muheisen)是美聯社中東地區的攝影主任,曾兩度獲得普利茲獎;這幾年來,他致力用鏡頭記錄難民危機,拍下難民跨越洲際國界的的畫面。他說:「我一直在想:『接下來會如何?』就算他們進入了別國,旅程其實尚未結束。」

去年秋天,穆赫森開始聽到監獄活化再利用的傳言;他說:「那時我不太明白,我以為是難民覺得自己像在監獄裡。」

 


曾擔任理髮師的哈吉(Yassir Hajji)是雅茲迪(Yazidi)教徒。他在圓頂監獄中與太太共處一室,練習修眉。PHOTOGRAPH BY MUHAMMED MUHEISEN, AP


來自阿爾及利亞的班薩林(Mohammed Ben Salem),和來自利比亞的歐西(Amine Oshi)在圓頂監獄的庭院裡抽菸。PHOTOGRAPH BY MUHAMMED MUHEISEN, AP

穆赫森光是取得在監獄裡拍攝的許可,就花了六個月;之後,他花了40天造訪三間難民收容所,結識裡面的居民,並拍下他們的日常生活。他說:「這裡的人來自好幾十個國家,全世界都活在穹頂之下。」

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這些難民要取得庇護資格,至少要花上六個月;他們在此期間住在收容中心裡,但進出自由、沒有限制。穆赫森說,有些人還跟當地的荷蘭鄰居成了朋友。

一位不願具名的摩洛哥同性戀難民,站在舊監獄的房間裡。他在摩洛哥收到死亡威脅後便逃離家園,荷蘭政府最近批准了他的庇護申請。PHOTOGRAPH BY MUHAMMED MUHEISEN, AP

來自蒙古的巴塔爾(Naaran Baatar;40歲)在圓頂監獄的庭院裡打籃球。PHOTOGRAPH BY MUHAMMED MUHEISEN, AP

來自伊拉克的法蒂瑪·胡笙(Fatima Hussein;65歲)在圓頂監獄外等公車。她和其他難民要去接受政府面談,這是申請庇護程序的一部分。PHOTOGRAPH BY MUHAMMED MUHEISEN, AP

來自索馬利亞的伊札娃·穆罕默德(Ijaawa Mohamed;41歲)坐在房外;這裡是圓頂監獄規畫給單身女性的區域。PHOTOGRAPH BY MUHAMMED MUHEISEN, AP

來自阿富汗的哈亞圖拉(Siratulla Hayatullah;23歲)在房門外的走廊上喝茶,俯瞰圓頂監獄的中庭。PHOTOGRAPH BY MUHAMMED MUHEISEN, AP

來自敘利亞的塔漢(Fadi Tahhan;23歲,圖右)一邊彈烏德琴(oud)一邊唱歌。在申請庇護期間,難民依法不能工作,所以得想辦法用各種方式打發時間。PHOTOGRAPH BY MUHAMMED MUHEISEN, AP


來自伊拉克的法蒂瑪·胡笙(Fatima Hussein;65歲)在房間裡禱告。PHOTOGRAPH BY MUHAMMED MUHEISEN, AP

難民依法不得工作,但他們在此地練習說荷蘭語和騎腳踏車(這些都是在荷蘭生活的必備技能)。雖然他們人在監獄裡,大多數居民在心裡並不會覺得不舒服:穆赫森說,他問這些居民對這種安排有什麼看法時,通常得到的答案是:「我們有地方住,上有屋頂,覺得很安全。」

有位敘利亞來的男子跟穆赫森說,住在監獄裡讓他對未來有希望:「如果一個國家沒有犯人可以關在監獄裡,表示這個國家再安全不過了,我會想住在這樣的國家。」

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